Calculations list

• Hydraulics
  • Porous Media
    • Darcy equation
    • Ergun equation
    • Kozeny-Carman equation
  • Pressurized Pipes
    • Major Head Losses
      • Darcy-Weisbach formula for head loss in water
      • Hazen-Williams equation head loss
      • Fair-Whipple-Hsiao equation
      • Universal x Hazen-Williams relationship
    • Minor Head Losses
      • Reentrant inlet
      • Well-rounded inlet
      • Conic inlet
      • Pipe exit
      • Sudden reduction
      • Contraction
      • Gate valve
      • 90° curve and elbow
      • Gradual expansion
      • 45° junction with lateral outflow
      • 45° junction with lateral inflow
      • Tee with lateral inflow
      • Tee with lateral outflow
      • Venturi meter
      • 45° elbow
      • 45° curve
      • Foot valve
      • Check valve
      • Globe valve
      • Sharp-edged inlet
      • Head loss in gradual reduction of channel section
      • Head loss in gradual expansion of channel section
      • Head loss coefficient applicable to partially open butterfly valve
      • Head loss coefficient applicable to partially open ball valve
      • Head loss coefficient applicable to partially open gate and knife gate valves
      • Head loss coefficient applicable to totally open butterfly valve
      • Head loss coefficient applicable to partially open diaphragm valve
      • Head loss coefficient applicable to partially open globe valve
      • Head loss coefficient applicable to partially open angle valve
      • Head loss coefficient applicable to totally open gate valve
      • Head loss coefficient applicable to partially open y valve
  • Channels
    • Circular Cross Section
      • Circular channel - normal flow
      • Circular channel - critical depth
      • Gutter
    • Rectangular Cross Section
      • Rectangular channel - critical flow
      • Rectangular channel: uniform flow
    • Trapezoidal Cross Section
      • Trapezoidal channel: uniform flow
  • Flow Meters
    • Orifice plate
    • Parshall flume
    • Venturi flow meter
    • Flow estimate: Vertical tube
    • Flow estimate: horizontal / inclined tube
    • Flow estimate: californian method
  • Orifices
    • Drainage time
    • Head in orifices and nozzles
  • Weirs
    • Rectangular weir
    • Circular weir
    • Triangular weir
    • Velocity gradient in rectangular weir
    • Velocity gradient in triangular weir
    • Trapezoidal weir
    • Velocity gradient in generic triangular weir
  • Special Problems
    • Anchorage: horizontal curve
    • Anchorage: reduction
    • Anchorage: 90° T
    • Anchorage: simetric Y junction
    • Anchorage: junction
    • Three reservoirs problem
• Water supply
  • Water treatment
    • Units
      • Head loss in water treatment trash racks
      • Sigma Mechanized inclined screen grid
      • Flash Mixing
        • Turbine flash mixer
        • Velocity gradient to Parshall meter
        • Parshall flume selection (Life Saneamento)
        • Mechanized mixer for flash mixing (Aquaflash) and flocculation (Aquafloc)
      • Flocculation
        • Axial turbine flocculator
        • Vertical chicane hydraulic flocculator compartment
        • Tray floculator compartment
        • Horizontal chicane hydraulic flocculator compartment
        • Hydrofoil turbine floculator
        • Baffles in coagulated water channel
      • Settling
        • Sedimentation tank stilling walls
        • Lamellar settling tank: settled water collection
        • Flocculated water distribution under plates
        • Lamellar settling modules
        • Settling tank: hydraulic superficial loading rate
        • Rectangular section trough
        • Conventional settling tank: triangular weirs at the edges of the settled water troughs
        • Sludge removal device for settling tank (BIOWASSERTRACK®)
        • Conventional settling tank: horizontal flow velocity
        • Discharge of decanters through manifoldand pressure duct
      • Filtration
        • Filters: washing flow
        • Filters: washing volume
        • Washing water collector gutter
        • Filters: areas for floodgates and adjacent valves
        • Filters: filtration rate
        • Head loss in stratified clean filter bed
        • Gate and valve adjacent to the filter: recomended dimensions
        • Expansion of the filter bed
        • Head losses in non-stratified granular beds
        • Head loss in the filter bed during washing
        • Backwash head loss in Pluvitec Master pipes
        • Head loss in californian beam
        • Filter balance
        • Filter outlet: rectangular weir
        • Filter outlet: triangular weir
        • Head loss in filter bottom universal type
        • Specification for blowers
        • Filtralite filter media: Payback determination
        • Disc filtration system Hidrosolo
      • Dehydration
        • Centrifugal Decanter (Pieralisi)
    • Chemical Feed Building
      • Sodium hypochlorite generator (ACQUANOX®)
      • Fluossilicic acid: storage, preparation and dosing
      • Soda ash: storage, preparation and dosing
      • Slaked lime: storage, preparation and dosing
      • Ferric chloride
      • Liquid aluminium sulfate
      • Solid aluminium sulfate
      • Sodium hypochlorite: storage, preparation and dosing
      • Chlorine gas storage and dosing
      • Sodium orthopolyphosphate solution
      • Sodium fluorosilicate solution
      • Sodium hydroxide
      • Tablet calcium hypochlorite
      • Hydrated lime saturator cone
      • Solid chlorine dosage calculator
      • Zeolite filter media: Controll MF-574
    • Velocity gradients through pipes and passages
      • Velocity gradient in rectangular orifices
      • Velocity gradient in pipes and circular orifices
      • Velocity gradients through channels
      • Velocity gradient and head loss in ducts with a rectangular section
    • Sludge handling
      • Centrifugal decanter
  • Reservation
    • Calculation of reservation volume of water supply system
    • Volume of resevoirs: Rippl's method
  • Water intake
    • Surface water
      • Water grit chamber
      • Equilibrium of floating bodies: Duhamel's formula
  • Transmission pipelines
    • Transmission pipe calculation (Darcy-Weisbach friction factor)
    • Economic pipeline design - Bresse Formula
    • Pump and system curves
  • Pumping stations
    • Specific pump velocity
    • Manometric head
    • Estimated power
    • NPSH calculation available
    • Estimation of the required NPSH, using the Thoma factor
  • Water quality
    • Most commom chemical compounds: formula and molecular mass
    • Standard table of cyanotoxins in water for human consumption
    • Table of bacteriological standard of water for human consumption
    • Potability organoleptic standard table
  • Consumption forecast
    • Water supply: production flow
• Wastewater Systems
  • Wastewater Treatment
    • Head loss in sewer trash racks
    • Anaerobic reactor
    • Activated sludge bioreactor
    • Grit chamber
    • Monod equation
    • Oxygen flow
    • Oxygen supply for aeration tank
    • High performance percolator biologic filter
    • Settling tank for percolator biologic filter
    • Sanitary wastewater sludge drying beds
    • Circular primary decanter for conventional ETE
    • Sigma rotary distributor for biological filter
    • Anaerobic lagoon
    • Facultative pond: Mara method
    • Facultative pond: method based on surface load application rate
    • Submerged aerated biological filter
    • Submerged aerated biofilter
    • BOD and COD removal efficiencies in aerated submerged biofilters
    • BOD and COD removal efficiencies in aerated submerged biological filters
    • UASB reactors
      • UASB reactor: volume determination
      • UASB reactor: plan area and depth
      • UASB reactor: influent distribution system
      • Basic data for a wastewater treatment plant design
      • UASB cylindrical D = 2,40 m; V = 23,28 m³
  • Sewer Outfall
    • Self Purification
      • River Self-Purification: Streeter-Phelps Method
      • Concentration mixer
  • Residential static systems
    • Septic tank
    • Trenches of residencial septic tank
    • SALUTAR anaerobic filter
    • Septic tank project - Salutar dimensions
    • Septic tank project - SALUTAR dimensions
• Physical Properties
  • Water properties
  • Water vapor pressure
  • Atmospheric pressure given altitude
  • Air specific mass
  • Dynamic viscosity of atmospheric air
• Unit conversion
  • Length
  • Fanga
  • Grain
  • Mile
  • Gueira
  • Inches
  • Fahrenheit
  • Horsepower
  • Gallon
  • Statute mile
  • Nautical miles
  • Inches of mercury
  • Slug
  • Ounce Force
  • Ounce
  • Pound
  • Pound force
  • Ton (long)
  • Tons (short)
  • Yard
  • Square inches
  • Pound-force per square inches
• Maths
  • Dimensions of a circle
  • Dimensions of a rectangle
• Thermodynamics
  • Methane flame temperature
• Water Hammer
  • Celerity in pipes filled with water
  • Michaud's formula
  • Estimated time for manual use of gate valves
  • Estimated time of manual closure
  • Estimated inertia
  • Parmakian's curves
• Transport phenomena
  • Mass transfer
    • Gas disffusion
      • Brokaw's formula
      • Fuller's formula
      • Wilke's multicomponent equation
    • Difusivity in liquids
      • Wilke and Chang's equation
      • Hayduk and Laudie's equation
      • Vignes equation
      • Nernst–Haskell's equation
  • Heat transfer
    • Empirical correlations
      • Empirical flat plate correlations
      • Empirical correlations of circular tubes
    • Dimensionless numbers
      • Grashof's number
      • Rayleigh's number
      • Nusselt's number
• Population forecast
  • Poulation growth: Arithmetic rate
  • Poulation growth: logistic function
  • Population growth: geometric method