Raw Wastewater Characterization - STOWA

Input data

Total COD

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)

Dissolved oxygen (SO)

Alkalinity (SALK)

Soluble inert COD fraction (fsi)

Readily biodegradable COD fraction (fss)

Particulate inert COD fraction (fxi)

Heterotrophic biomass COD fraction (fxbh)

Autotrophic biomass COD fraction (fxba)

Ammonium nitrogen fraction of TKN (fsnh)

Soluble biodegradable organic nitrogen fraction (fsnd)

Endogenous decay products fraction (fxp)

Output data

Soluble intert organic matter (SI)

Readily Biodegradable Substrate (SS)

Particulate Inert Organic Matter (XI)

Active Heterotrophs (XBH)

Autotrophs (XBA)

Particulate from biomass decay (XP)

Slowly Biodegradable Substrate (XS)

Ammonia Nitrogen (SNH)

Soluble Biodegradable Organic Nitrogen (SND)

Particulate Biodegradable Organic Nitrogen (XND)

Nitrate and Nitrite (SNO)

Alkalinity (SALK)

Dissolved oxygen (SO)

Description

This calculation performs the characterization of raw wastewater based on the STOWA methodology, widely used in biological wastewater treatment modeling (such as ASM models).

From global parameters like total COD and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), the method estimates the distribution of key wastewater components, splitting them into:

  • Soluble and particulate organic matter
  • Biodegradable and inert fractions
  • Active biomass
  • Nitrogen compounds

This decomposition is essential for process simulations, enabling accurate representation of wastewater behavior in biological reactors.

Mathematically, the process consists of a partitioning of COD and total nitrogen into different fractions:

CODtotal=SI+SS+XI+XS+XBH+XBA+XPCOD_{total} = S_I + S_S + X_I + X_S + X_{BH} + X_{BA} + X_P
TKN=SNH+SND+XNDTKN = S_{NH} + S_{ND} + X_{ND}

Input data

ParameterDefault unitsDefault valueDescription
Total CODmg/LTotal chemical oxygen demand of the wastewater
Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)mg/LTotal organic and ammonia nitrogen concentration
Dissolved oxygen (SO)mg/LDissolved oxygen concentration in the wastewater
Alkalinity (SALK)mg/LBuffering capacity of the medium
Soluble inert COD fraction (fSI)0.075Fraction of COD as soluble inert organic matter
Readily biodegradable COD fraction (fSS)0.2Fraction of COD as readily biodegradable substrate
Particulate inert COD fraction (fXI)0.175Fraction of COD as particulate inert organic matter
Heterotrophic biomass COD fraction (fXBH)0.05Fraction of COD as active heterotrophic biomass
Autotrophic biomass COD fraction (fXBA)0Fraction of COD as autotrophic biomass
Endogenous decay products fraction (fXP)0Fraction of COD as endogenous decay products
Ammonium nitrogen fraction of TKN (fSNH)0.7Fraction of TKN as ammonia nitrogen
Soluble biodegradable organic N fraction (fSND)0.1Fraction of TKN as soluble biodegradable organic nitrogen

Output data

ParameterDefault unitsDescription
Soluble inert organic matter (SI)mg/LNon-biodegradable soluble fraction
Readily biodegradable substrate (SS)mg/LFraction readily consumed by microorganisms
Particulate inert organic matter (XI)mg/LNon-biodegradable particulate fraction
Active heterotrophs (XBH)mg/LActive heterotrophic biomass
Autotrophs (XBA)mg/LAutotrophic (nitrifying) biomass
Particulates from biomass decay (XP)mg/LResidues from biomass decay
Slowly biodegradable substrate (XS)mg/LFraction requiring hydrolysis before consumption
Ammonia nitrogen (SNH)mg/LNitrogen in ammonia form
Soluble biodegradable organic nitrogen (SND)mg/LSoluble organic nitrogen fraction
Particulate biodegradable organic nitrogen (XND)mg/LParticulate organic nitrogen fraction
Nitrate and nitrite (SNO)mg/LOxidized nitrogen compounds
Alkalinity (SALK)mg/LResulting alkalinity
Dissolved oxygen (SO)mg/LResulting dissolved oxygen

References

  • Roeleveld, P. J., & van Loosdrecht, M. C. M. (2002). Experience with guidelines for wastewater characterisation in The Netherlands. Water Science and Technology, 45(6)